About tamariki and rangatahi Māori in the oranga tamariki system
This report focuses on and Māori. We define this group as anyone who identifies as Māori, including where they also identify as other ethnicities.16 Sometimes we compare this group to the non-Māori population, which we define as anyone who does not identify as Māori. Some data sources we use record each individual ethnicity that tamariki and rangatahi identify as, whereas others identify only a single ethnicity – for example, NZ Police data. In these cases, we are unable to identify if tamariki and rangatahi identify with more than one ethnicity.
When ethnicity is recorded as ‘unknown’ in the data sources we use, we have excluded these records from both Māori and non-Māori groups. When there is a large number of unknowns, we have reported these as a separate group.
Most tamariki and rangatahi Māori belong to more than one ethnic group
Ethnicity is the ethnic group or groups a person identifies with or has a sense of belonging to.
A person can belong to more than one ethnic group.18
Tamariki and rangatahi Māori will make up more of the youth population in the future
Māori as proportion of the total youth population in each age group
| Age 0-4 | 30% |
| Age 5-9 | 27% |
| Age 10-14 | 27% |
| Age 15-18 | 26% |
The gender split across the youth population is about the same for Māori and non-Māori
| Female/Wahine | 49% |
| Male/Tāne | 51% |
| Another gender | He ira kē anō | less than 1% |
Speaking te reo Māori
One in five and Māori who have had an interaction with the oranga tamariki system can speak te reo Māori – this is about the same as the total Māori youth population
The majority of tamariki and rangatahi Māori in Aotearoa have not had any interaction with the oranga tamariki system
In the 2023/24 reporting year:
- 8 in 100 have had a report of concern made to Oranga Tamariki about their safety or wellbeing
- 1 in 100 have spent time in the custody of Oranga Tamariki
- 2 in 100 Māori aged 10–18 have been subject to a police proceeding in the last year, which can result in no further action, warnings, youth referrals, alternative action plans, FGCs, community justice or community panels, custody admission or prosecution
- 1 in 330 rangatahi Māori aged 10–18 have been in custody Female l Wahine Male l Tāne under youth justice orders.
| Māori | Non-Māori | Ethnicity unknown | |
|---|---|---|---|
| and in * | 28% (330,600) | 72% (864,700) | |
| Had a report of concern about their safety or wellbeing | 49% (26,300) | 37% (20,000) | 14% (7,300) |
| Were receiving some form of intervention from Oranga Tamariki (as the outcome of a report of concern, was that further action from Oranga Tamariki was required) | 54% (17,100) | 37% (11,900) | 9% (2,800) |
| Were in custody/care under care and protection orders | 67% (3,450) | 33% (1,650) | |
| Have transitioned into adulthood** within the year | 68% (380) | 32% (180) | |
| Police proceedings involved tamariki and rangatahi ** | 41% (3,500) | 28% (2,400) | 31% (2,600) |
| Were in custody/care under youth justice orders** | 78% (460) | 22% (130) |
* 2023 Census national and subnational usually resident population aged 0–18
** Tamariki and rangatahi aged 10–18
| Placement type | 2021/22 | 2022/23 | 2023/24 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Family/ | 45% | 41% | 39% |
| Non-family/whānau | 14% | 14% | 14% |
| Home (return/remain home with parent(s)) | 13% | 15% | 14% |
| NGO/ social services | 10% | 9% | 9% |
| Other21 | 5% | 7% | 8% |
| Not recorded | 7% | 7% | 7% |
| Independent living | 3% | 2% | 3% |
| Residence | 2% | 3% | 3% |
| Family / Supervised Group / Specialist Group Homes | 2% | 1% | 2% |
Tamariki and rangatahi Māori who are in care and more likely to be disabled than those not in care
| In care | 22% |
| In total Māori population22 | 14% |
More than half of tamariki and rangatahi Māori in care have been in care for longer than five years
| Māori / | non-Māori tamariki / rangatahi | |
| < 1 year | 16% | 17% |
| 1-5 years | 30% | 37% |
| > 5 years | 54% | 46% |
16 In the case of younger , ethnicity is usually identified by a parent or guardian on their behalf.
17 Māori population is calculated based on the number of people who identify as Māori.
18 Stats NZ - ethnicity (detailed single / combination), age, and gender for the census usually resident population count, (RC, TALB, SA2, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses.
19 https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/one-in-three-children-projected-to-be-maori/
20 During the year 1 July 2023–30 June 2024
21 Other placements include boarding schools, bespoke placements, and where remained living with caregivers beyond the age of 18 years old.
22 Stats NZ (2025). Household Disability Survey 2023 - findings, definitions, and design summary. https://www.stats.govt.nz/assets/Reports/Household-Disability-Survey-2023-findings-definitions-and-design-summary/Download-data/household-disability-survey-2023-findings-definitions-and-design-summary.pdf